STORE multiple values from a lookup table to another table.

My database will store and report daily production values from a manufacturing operation.
The operation has multiple machines and each machine has multiple product specifications. I need to lookup product specifications per machine and store the values in a daily production table (MachineID will be a foreign key in the Production Table). Since the product specs will change I need to be able to lookup and store multiple values from the MachineTable instead of just storing the MachineID reference.
I need to lookup and permanently store multiple values from one table into another table so that changes to the lookup table will not affect old records.